Best option is probably a used/refurbished V60 for around $200-300 (price depending on condition and carrier, no factory unlocked model available in the US).

Alternatively, there's Asus Zenfone 9 and Sony Xperia 5 IV or 1 IV. They have headphone jacks but I'm not sure about some of the particulars of their audio quality. Asus isn't compatible with Verizon.

Another alternative is a headphone jack dongle with a DAC, like this one.