I purchased a Windows 10 install disc from Newegg (it does not have a license code with it, I was told you don't technically need a code

this sounds suspicious to me. OS cds have come with product keys for a very, very long time now, and in my personal experience i've never purchased a (windows, anyway) OS cd which has not come with a code. perhaps practices have changed over the last few years, wouldn't surprise me, but this just gives me a bad feeling.

ms forum thread on purchasing a cd and not getting a product key

you mention you don't really have the money right now. what kind of budget do you have to get things up and running? do you have access to a USB stick of at least 8gb? if so, i would create a bootable usb and install windows off that - you don't even need a product key this way.

i would strongly suggest purchasing a small ssd for use as a boot drive. they are relatively inexpensive and are probably the component that will give the single largest quality-of-life improvement for most users since the mouse was invented. here is a probably dodgy one off amazon for the price of a few popcorn chickens. it will make your computer so much more responsive compared to a hard drive that you'll wonder why they never invented them sooner.