The book you're linking only deals with rhythm, which is only half of the music.

The best course of action to learn new music style, is this :

First, listen to the style A LOT. If you want to write jazz, listen to jazz 2 hours a day.

Second, study the most famous tunes. Study the chord progression, try to understand how they works, re-write them in other key, other tempos, with others instruments. Learn how to play them inside and out.

Then try to compare them with music styles you know : what chords are used in jazz that aren't used in rock ? What progression ? You'll be able to pinpoint the differences pretty soon, and know instantly how to write a typical jazz chord progression (or any other style you've studied).

A good idea is also to re-arrange song you know : take a rock song, and try to adapt the chord progression to make it sound more country, or jazz. It's not an easy thing to do, but it's a great way to learn. And just in case, you can do that with ANY song in ANY style. There aren't any limit (Personal note : with my singer we often jam on the Tetris theme, trying to play it in multiple styles, jazz, funk, reggae, rock, metal, country, and believe it or not, it works).

Finally, I don't know of any book that explains the differences between every styles of music, but you can find some good reference book on particular styles. For jazz I would recommend the "Complete Jazz Guitar Method". There's four book in this series and it will go from basic rhythm playing to complexe soling in jazz music.