That will work. Powered speakers have a built in speaker amp.

RT83 > included RCA cable > phono preamp > buy an RCA cable > Ai41.

Fluance RT83 currently includes a free PA10 phono preamp.

RCA Cables: KabelDirekt, Crutchfield Reference, Crutchfield, Monoprice Oynx, Monoprice, Blue Jeans Cables.

Passive speakers are powered by an amp or receiver.

Examples:

Amplification with Bluetooth:

• Fosi Audio BL20A $68 mini amp.
• Yamaha R-S202 $199 $129 stereo receiver.
• Douk Audio X1 $149 compact amp with a built in phono preamp.
• Onkyo TX-8220 $199 stereo receiver with a built in phono preamp.

Passive speakers on sale, plus speaker wire sold separately:

• 5.25" Klipsch RP-150M $449 $199.
• 5.25" JBL Studio 530 $599 $199 best deal.
• 5.25" Emotiva B1+ $329 $199 with coupon code WINTER10.

Setup Guide / Signal Path: Turntable > Phono Preamp (separate or built into the turntable or speaker amplification) > Speaker Amplification (separate or built into speakers) > Speakers

Audio Guides, Speaker Placement, Accessories and Vinyl Care

As for RCA cables, pretty much any that are the right length will do, but stay away from the ultra-cheap $2 to $3 cable.

Amazon Basics are fine. But there are many others to choose from.

I like these - RCA

https://www.amazon.com/KabelDirekt-Digital-Theater-Blu-ray-receivers/dp/B00DI89I04

Optical Cables -

https://www.amazon.com/CableDirect-TOSLINK-optical-soundbars-amplifiers/dp/B00DI89VOM?ref_=ast_sto_dp&th=1&psc=1

But there are dozens to choose from.

No. For 3ft starting at $7 for a thick insulated cable is sufficient, Crutchfield, Monoprice, KabelDirekt, Crutchfield Reference, or up to $19 max Monoprice Oynx.

If you start spending $500+ on components and have money to blow then sure go for $49+ Blue Jeans Cables, more at bluejeanscable.com, however you may not notice any difference or it may be placebo effect.