For new, I would recommend: Monoprice Monolith, Fluance RT-80, Teac TN-300, Audio Technica AT-LP3 Fully Automatic but I personally prefer hunting for used vintage Japanese or German turntables at thrift shops, classifieds, pawn shops, vintage audio stores, etc.

$200 for a turntable lands you on the Audio Technica LP60X, LPW30, LP3BK or Fluance RT80. Other sub $200 units like victrola, ion, crosely, lp&no1, marley etc are not worth buying.

instead of a headphone amp and a separate for speaker setup, look maybe at the Onkyo 8260 or Cambridge AXA35, both at 399 , add Jamo Concert9, Klipsch RP160M or Paradigm MonitorSE all at 299/pair. plus your headphones and wiring

Or are you interested in used kit?