Not without an amplifier. Headphones have a higher impedance than typical loudspeakers, and your phone isn't designed to play music over the impedance of a speaker, nor will it have enough power to play music at a reasonably audible volume.
If you get a small amplifier like this and plug your phone into it, you'll be able to play music over the speakers.
I'm not an A/V tech, so I don't know the full range of speaker impedances that you typically install, but be aware that any general purpose amplifier like the one I linked above will usually be designed to output on 4-16 ohm speakers, impedances below 4 ohms (you're probably fine to 2 ohms) might risk damaging the amplifier if you're not careful.
It's an okay-ish deal, not great. You should be able to find a set of RTi A1's for like $100-150 locally, and the PSW 10 is an infamously terrible subwoofer... definitely not worth $100, and $50 is borderline.
What are some other speaker models you can find locally? With sub or without?
Also would love any feedback on how I can test the speakers before buying them.
You could ask the seller to demo them... but if they can't, you could also bring your own amplifier.
This one is so cheap that it would be useful to grab just for testing. That thing + a couple short lengths of speaker wire + a cable to connect your phone to the audio inputs on the amp, and that would make a nice ultra cheap speaker testing kit... as long as the seller can let you use an outlet.
I bought this one for the back box which is what buy stuff arcade uses
https://www.amazon.com/gp/aw/d/B08G1NZF3Y
I then bought 2 of these for the exciters.
https://www.amazon.com/gp/aw/d/B07C1Q1FPT
Some people put transducers bass shakers on the exciters as well and the kinters won't work for that.