I had a cable with the same issue you're describing, in addition to many other cables with different issues. For me, the only cable the worked perfectly is the 10m version of the Cable Matters Active USB Extension Cable (https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00KY9M6P4/). It's gotta be the 10m version, the 5m one has problems for some unfathomable reason.

Have you been trying USB 3.0 extension cables? It could just be a coincidence, but the only USB extension cable I found to work was a USB 2.0 cable. Maybe the problems come from using USB 3.0 extension cables?

https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00KY9M6P4/
Also, it seems this is actually an active cable, the small size threw me off! It also turns out to be a USB 2.0 cable, not 3.0, which just raises even more questions!

It's very strange tho when you mention that the shorter version didn't work, but the longer version did. Is there any chance that the short version is actually usb 3 (blue inside)? I'm ordering the cable you suggested (long 10M version), i'm also going to get a shorter cable- 6 feet or so that says it's specifically for USB2, i'll post the results.

The cable you mention ( https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00KY9M6P4/ )shows that it's active- I thought that a cable is only active if it takes external power- maybe the definition varies by seller or by mfg.. I do have an active USB3 extension that worked just like the non active USB 3 cables i have- the headset works great with it, except the audio is distorted to the same point as with the non active USB 3 extensions (meaning it's useless).

Added:

I've since seen this cable by two different people. Very strange- they say the shorter version doesn't work, but the longer does. I'm ordering this tonight and will post the results

Edit- confirmed- the longer cable mentioned does seem to work fine. https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00KY9M6P4/ . .