probably closer to 4-6 inches

See, now you're talking! Whether you go for the E835, the SM58, or the PG48, you'll get pretty damn good results. And yeah, your pop filter will be fine, but you might not need it. If you just have it slightly off axis (so you can't blow directly onto the end of the microphone, but it's still pointed at your mouth), you'll get away with either no pop filter, or a windscreen that'll fit whichever microphone you get.