I think you are looking for more than "just install debian on it and it will work" answers so I put together this build for you.
| Type | Item | Price |
|---|---|---|
| CPU | AMD Ryzen 5 1600 3.2 GHz 6-Core Processor | |
| Motherboard | ASRock B450M PRO4 Micro ATX AM4 Motherboard | $78.98 @ Newegg |
| Memory | G.Skill Ripjaws V Series 16 GB (2 x 8 GB) DDR4-3200 Memory | $68.99 @ Newegg |
| Storage | Intel 660p 512 GB M.2-2280 NVME Solid State Drive | $69.99 @ Newegg |
| Storage | Hitachi Ultrastar 2 TB 3.5" 7200RPM Internal Hard Drive | $40.64 @ Amazon |
| Video Card | Sapphire Radeon RX 590 8 GB PULSE Video Card | $274.98 @ Amazon |
| Case | Rosewill SRM-01B MicroATX Mini Tower Case | $32.98 @ Newegg |
| Power Supply | SeaSonic 520 W 80+ Bronze Certified Fully Modular ATX Power Supply | $70.98 @ Newegg |
| Prices include shipping, taxes, rebates, and discounts | ||
| Total | ||
| Generated by PCPartPicker 2020-01-15 02:29 EST-0500 |
The CPU included as 1600 but AE stepping. AMD released a new batch of 1600 with AF stepping and it is better in every case and cheaper so you should get it instead of the one I included in the build, PCP doesn't have it in their list currently. https://www.amazon.com/AMD-Processor-Wraith-Stealth-YD1600BBAFBOX/dp/B07XTQZJ28/
My rationale for CPU/GPU is Debian using older kernels and getting Ryzen 3000 or 5700/2070 Super means you will be upgrading your kernel. Getting this old and tested combo means you will not experience any support issue.
Motherboard is a basic B450, I think it's the best in its range.
Memory is mid-level 2x8GB RAM. Memory is platform independent so in the future you can get X570 and a 3900X and this RAM will still work so no harm getting that extra head room.
512G + 2TB Storage, just basic stuff.
Case; basic good looking cheap case.
Power supply, 550W or better, 80+ bronze or better, fully modular.
You can cut prices here by getting smaller storage or getting a 570/580 or getting another brand 570/580/590. But I personally believe in Sapphire. I'm not sure if you can find cases for cheaper.
Could you send me a link for that? I can not find that one. Also should I get the rx570 or rx580. I did some reading and it said the one I have is better.
https://www.amazon.com/AMD-Processor-Wraith-Stealth-Cooler/dp/B07XTQZJ28
I think that AEs (old ones) and the AFs (new ones) are being sold concurrently right now. Here's an amazon listing, I believe this one is an AF.
Here is my list so far
CPU https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B07XTQZJ28/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=scattervoltyt-20&creative=9325&linkCode=as2&creativeASIN=B07XTQZJ28&linkId=80b81da39f576bf423c0a12ce00725fe Motherboard https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B07FVYKFXF/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=scattervoltyt-20&creative=9325&linkCode=as2&creativeASIN=B07FVYKFXF&linkId=66ad0182aabe08d5aabe63ef315b539e RAM https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B016A29PWA/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=scattervoltyt-20&creative=9325&linkCode=as2&creativeASIN=B0157UPYZ8&linkId=c8ca1732dd76630bebbc4149966f49f6&th=1&psc=1
SSD https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B07BD32RLK/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=scattervoltyt-20&creative=9325&linkCode=as2&creativeASIN=B07BD32RLK&linkId=f5ad1b1477815fc4e97e6d94e3a74726 PSU https://www.amazon.com/dp/B087CDR14Z/ref=dp_cerb_1 Case and fans
https://www.newegg.com/apevia-af512s-bk-case-fan/p/ N82E16835228070?item=N82E16835228070
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B079QH3HJN?tag=pcpapi-20&linkCode=ogi&th=1&psc=1