My coworker recommended this:

https://www.amazon.com/dp/B007OXK330

I used these to fasten down the cord so it's not pulling the strip down:

https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B072XJT436

I put two pieces on the back of the strip, and two under the desk. I let it "dry" for a few hours and then stuck the two pieces together using a rubber mallet. They've been under my desk now for a day and a half and they're rock solid. Going to start plugging stuff into them tonight.

I think you're right, and the big problem people have is that they stick them up there and immediately start plugging stuff into it. I think you should stick them up there and leave them sit for a day, preferrably clamped.

Get some good power strips/surge protectors. Use 3M dual lock to mount them. Then use zip ties and zip tie mounts to route and manage the cables.

3M Dual Lock Reclosable Fastener TB4575, Black, 1 in x 10 ft https://www.amazon.com/dp/B007OXK330/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_api_i_J6FWNSR1HNFAPDKS1NYN?_encoding=UTF8&psc=1

3/4" 3M Back-Glue Self Adhesive Black Strong Cable Zip Tie Mounts 100pcs with 8" Ties, Screws, UV Protection Outdoor Sticky Wire Fasteners Cable Clips Management Anchors Organizer Holders Squares https://www.amazon.com/dp/B08F77YVYB/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_api_i_MZJ8VW6KP7EQQBDNCB4R?_encoding=UTF8&psc=1

Edit: Typo