I spent a ton of time researching this exact question a couple of years ago and I discovered that the state of USB WiFi adapter drivers for Linux is very very poor.
I strongly suggest sticking with an internal adapter. This one worked for me plug-and-pay with non-free on Bullseye with 0 issues: ASUS Dual Band 802.11AC Wireless-AC2100 PCI-e Bluetooth 5 Gigabit WiFi Adapter, 160MHz Support (PCE-AC58BT)
What is the exact brand and model of your Wifi Router and your Internet Modem?
Also, why did you build a new computer and use a Wifi adapter from 10+ years ago?
Your Wireless N PCI Express adapter only supports upto Wifi-4 standard and we are now in the Wifi-6 "era". You should really be using an adapter that at least support Wifi-5 (AC class).
You should use this:
or