Sure you could try an RCA to HDMI converter however it may be more finicky since HDMI also carries video.
Or get some speakers for the turntable starting with compact 4" Bestian $62.
More 4" powered speakers with Bluetooth for a small room or desktop setup:
Larger 5.25" passive speakers for a small to medium size room plus an amp or stereo receiver:
Or upgrade from the sound bar to an AV receiver and passive speakers?
Or what is a nearby town or zip I can search for used options? Reply here or chat.