The key is to use cable managers that allow you to adjust and pull things out or easily route new things through.

Picture of the rear: https://m.imgur.com/TY5kcTE

Here’s some of my cable managers:

J Channel https://www.amazon.com/dp/B06Y1DVNQD/ref=cm_sw_r_awdo_navT_a_G3XYVTGJDN2EV8JHGKX4?psc=1

VELCRO Cable Ties https://www.amazon.com/dp/B001E1Y5O6/ref=cm_sw_r_awdo_navT_a_ST0FGCRRKS7DPCN7DZS9

Adjustable Self-Adhesive Nylon Cable Straps https://www.amazon.com/dp/B071RGCJLT/ref=cm_sw_r_awdo_navT_a_HQZGD5N9TGZSCYV9P08J

DMoose Cable Management Box (for surge protector) https://www.amazon.com/dp/B071HMZQBC/ref=cm_sw_r_awdo_navT_a_WW4Y9FVJSWVTT51FHHT5

For power bricks that I can’t easily hide, I mount them to the bottom of the desk using 3m tape.

3M Double Sided Tape Heavy Duty Mounting https://www.amazon.com/dp/B093Q2BRSD/ref=cm_sw_r_awdo_navT_a_NXPSBZJ5Q7CKNQ6KB5K3

I have this bad boy plus Velcro cable ties every foot or so. https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00Q96PH9S/

I use these where the cables come up for my laptop and to go into my usb hub. https://www.amazon.com/Rustark-Adjustable-Self-Adhesive-Straps-management/dp/B071RGCJLT/