No. Can't use that adapter.

https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B078SNBT4L

"This is a plug adaptor and NOT a voltage converter."

Yeah, sometimes I wonder why sh*t like that is even allowed to be sold. It's generally a bad idea - sometimes a really bad idea.

have a 15 amp breaker running to my garage with 3 outlets and 2 light bulbs. all everything all outlets run off of one gfi plug

compressor which has a 240

Should i convert (if possible) one outlet

You need 240 for that compressor. Can't do that with a single 120v circuit. Can't even do it with two such circuits if they're in-phase. You need 240 for your 240v device - so two (180 degrees) out-of-phase 120v circuits.