I use a three tier system based on frequency of use vs. size of components.

For extremely common items (1/4W resistors, 25-63V film caps, common transistors, common hardware) I use drawer organizers, sometimes referred to as "small parts storage". Akro-mils is the industry standard, but a bunch of people make them now.

For larger or less frequently used items, but where specific organization is still necessary, I use jewelry/bead organizers. For example, I have sorted Ge transistors in one, 16mm pots in another, etc.

For even larger and less common items, I use 15-quart totes. They're labeled with the contents and organized on wire shelves. Large tube amp parts, uncommon transistors, bulk germanium are some examples.