Pretty much an M.2 2280 SSD is going to work. The Vostro 3470 SFF supports both SATA and NVME M.2 drives. So the long and the short of it, if it fits, it will work.

Now, just because it fits doesn't mean its the best option. The SSD you linked on Amazon is an SATA drive. SATA is super old and is limited to max 600MB/s of read/write speed. And NVME will be much faster and better. Now NVME SSDs have a metric ton of options such as if they have onboard DRAM or use HMB, if they make use of an SLC Cache or if their flash memory is QLC/TLC/MLC/Etc. Its really easy to get deep into the weeds figuring out which NVME drive is the best for your use case. If you're wanting to get into that I'd suggest taking a look at this NewMaxx post to get started: https://www.reddit.com/r/NewMaxx/comments/dhvrdm/ssd_guides_resources/

If you're looking for just a straight up recommendation I'd say pick up this 500GB Crucial P3: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0B25LQQPC

It will be miles faster and better then the one you linked and is only about $10 more. If you can splurge and do $60 you can pick up the 1TB version: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0B25LZGGW, but if you can do $60 why not stretch and get the P3 Plus which is even faster then the P3 for just $66:https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0B25NXWC7

Buy this (assuming you have an NVME slot): https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0B25NXWC7/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_search_asin_title?ie=UTF8&psc=1