I have one similar to this one. Here is the cold brew container that I have used for a year now. That and a 20 oz mason jar, which I pour the brewed coffee. I like keeping one brew ahead, if possible.
As far as the coffee I have been experimenting with, here is a Big Lots coffee that I have been using that give a pretty decent yield for the price. However, nothing beats the yield from a freshly coarse ground coffee bean, if you can find them at a decent price.
Is it this silicone ring? Could you measure the diameter?
I have a spare from this similar-looking brewer, from when my glass old carafe broke: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B071ZWR7M8
I could send you mine if the diameter is the same.
Diameter of filter top: ??
Diameter of filter bottom: ??
Diameter of glass carafe mouth: ??