Before we get started, get some good handwraps!! Any of the Mexican Style 180 inch wraps.
Handwraps are a must. They do not absorb shock (that's the gloves' job), but they are the first line defense in keeping those little bones stabilized. Search youtube for handwrapping methods; there are many types and it's up to you on which you want to stick with.
As for gloves in general; I wouldn't recommend any mexican style gloves (Cleto Reyes, Casanova, or just the label "Mexican-style" for generics) for beginners [unless they have padded versions, like Cleto Reyes Safetec (Pro fight/Training), Cleto Reyes Extra Padding (Sparring/Bag/Trainers)].
Basically, mexican-style gloves have their padding distributed differently (less on knuckle area), resulting in less overall hand protection, but allowing you to "feel your punch" more, which is definitely more fun and satisfying for some people.
This may not be optimal for beginners until punching technique is improved considerably.
1) Ring To Cage C17 2.0.
These gloves are actually inspired by Winning gloves (the long-time king of boxing gloves in fit/comfort/protection/durability). If you dig deep into the history on the Sherdog forums; it started in early 2013 by a user sending his pair of Winning 16oz gloves to RingToCage to have cloned/copied. After multiple revisions, the end result was great. It even went into mass production.
While not an exact clone; it's damn near close in terms of comfort and shock absorption. I have multiple pairs of C17s and Winning, and I must say; for a glove that's about 80% similar to Winning for less than half the price; it's a must have.
http://www.ringtocage.com/japanese-style-training-gloves-2-0-velcro-or-lace-up/
2a) If you want 10oz Reyes pro fight gloves, go for the Cleto Reyes Safetec version. They are meant for training as well, and will last much longer.
I use them myself, to alternate with my Winning 10oz pro fight gloves (my favorite gloves of all time)
http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss_2?url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords=cleto+reyes+safetec
Just note that professional fight gloves are not made to last long. Bag/training gloves would be your best bet.
2b) Rival RB1 Ultra bag gloves. (The RB20/Elite are good too, but only available in 12oz/14oz)
2c) Ring To Cage C17 2.0 is also available in 12oz.
2d) Top Contender Amateur Competition gloves (10oz/12oz)
These are only $27 right now (the red 10oz), and they're pretty good for what you pay (I used to main them until I got my hands on Reyes-Safetc/Winning fight gloves). I am not sure if they will last as long as (or longer) than professional fight gloves, though. If I had to guess, due to the extra padding which is required by Amateur boxing standards; they probably last longer.
3) lol sorry, I don't have notable experience in this department.
4) Outslayer heavybags
http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss_2?url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords=outslayer+bag
These things are great. They are only stuffed with fabric, NO sandbags at all, so there will be little to no chance of the bottom getting rockhard like my Ringside Leather bag.