Pro-ject Debut Carbon EVO $426 to $488 open box or demo if you don't want to spend $599.
Yamaha A-S501 and Denon AVR-S760H both have a built in phono preamp to start with. Don't bother with the Fosi phono preamp. You can add a better $150+ phono preamp later.
Yamaha A-S501 is a 2 channel integrated amp for stereo audio.
Denon AVR-S760H is an AV receiver with HDMI if there is also a TV in the room and you later want to add more speakers for movie and TV surround sound.
Wharfedale Diamond 240 $999 $599 pair previous version Diamond towers for $400 less than the Diamond 12.3.
Plus speaker wire, pure copper oxygen free 16 AWG or optional thicker 14 AWG. Then How To Strip Speaker Wire and How to Install Speaker Wire.
Better turntable: Pro-ject Debut Carbon EVO $419 to $479 open box or demo.
Stereo receiver: Onkyo TX-8220 $199 with a built in phono preamp.
Speakers on sale:
Or floor standing towers, then you don't need to buy or build speaker stands:
Plus speaker wire, pure copper oxygen free 16 AWG or optional thicker 14 AWG. Then How To Strip Speaker Wire and How to Install Speaker Wire.
Or look for a used stereo receiver and a pair of used passive speakers. What is a Craigslist or nearby zip code to search? Reply here or chat.
The Sony speakers will be the weak spot so go for the better Wharfedales or other speakers on sale:
Or floor standing towers, then you don't need to buy or build speaker stands:
Or what is a nearby town or zip code I can search for used speaker options? Reply here or private chat.
Plus speaker wire, pure copper oxygen free 16 AWG or optional thicker 14 AWG. Then How To Strip Speaker Wire and How to Install Speaker Wire.
Turntable > integrated amp with a built in phono preamp to start with > instead of a tube phono preamp that you can add later so you can spend your budget on the best speakers you can get now.
Turntable: Pro-ject Debut Carbon EVO $419 to $479 open box or demo.
Integrated amps with a built in phono preamp:
If you want to start with tubes you could get a tube integrated amp or a tube amp kit, ask r/StereoAdvice, or start with the $400 Monoprice Pure Tube Stereo Amplifier with Bluetooth, Line and Phono Inputs or the $200 Dayton Audio HTA100BT has a solid state amp with just tube buffers.
Speakers: ELAC Reference, Revel Concerta, Focal Chora, Dynaudio, KEF, Polk, Monitor Audio, Ascend Sierra .... ask r/StereoAdvice.
If you want Wharfedale:
Plus speaker wire, pure copper oxygen free 16 AWG or optional thicker 14 AWG. Then How To Strip Speaker Wire and How to Install Speaker Wire.
What is a nearby town or zip I can search for used options? Reply here or chat.
New amplification:
Passive speakers:
Or floor standing towers, then you don't need to buy or build speaker stands:
Plus speaker wire, pure copper oxygen free 14 AWG. Then How To Strip Speaker Wire and How to Install Speaker Wire.
Also ask r/StereoAdvice.