I have never had a problem with any USB audio adapter on Chromebook, and have used several. Most recently, we used this one: http://www.amazon.com/Syba-SD-CM-UAUD-Adapter-C-Media-Chipset/dp/B001MSS6CS
But yours probably would be fine, too. It seems USB audio must be pretty standard the way HID devices are.
You are probably talking about USB Audio, it was actually added earlier in 4.1. The device also has to support USB Host. S4 does support USB Audio. The biggest problem is that Google does not give a damn about compatibility with external accessories. As far as I understand not all external USB Audio DACs/cards are compatible with all USB Audio Android smartphones.
EDIT: Here is what I think should work. Disclaimer: I'm not absolutely sure about compatibility.
EDIT2: This thing may potentially work too. It says "USB Audio Device Class Specification 10" so there is hope. Buy it at your own risk.
I don't think that this mic splitter cable incompatibility is a problem that can be solved with yet another analog wired headset. What I suggest is keeping Razer Kraken, and adding a cheap USB audio card, e.g. this one (untested): https://www.amazon.com/Syba-external-Adapter-Windows-C-Media/dp/B001MSS6CS
It's not a powered jack, so sometimes the input doesn't work. That's why the USB adapter is needed.
This is the adapter that I got for my macbook. It works flawlessly and isn't that expensive.